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Understanding Treatment Options Facing breast cancer treatment can be a bewildering and frightening experience. Coping with a new diagnosis of cancer is difficult because of the uncertainty about what the future will hold. Part of this uncertainty relates to your treatment options. The purpose of this booklet is to help you understand some of those…

Understanding Breast Biopsy Your doctor has recommended that you have a breast biopsy. Breast biopsy is performed to further evaluate a breast lump that can be felt or that has been identified by mammogram or ultrasound. The biopsy helps determine if the area of concern is cancer. Types of Breast Biopsy There are several ways…

Understanding Breast Lumps Breast lumps are very common and lead to concern when they are discovered. Most breast lumps are benign. A new breast lump could be a breast cancer, therefore your doctor must evaluate it. Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women, but if found early breast cancer can be curable….

Fibrocystic changes are the most common cause of breast lumps in women under the age of fifty. The condition is not cancerous. At least 50% of the women in their reproductive years have lumpy breasts as a result of fibrocystic changes. Diagnosing Fibrocystic Changes Usually fibrocystic changes can be diagnosed by physical examination. Mammography, ultrasound,…

Colonoscopy is a procedure used to see inside the colon and rectum. Colonoscopy can detect inflamed tissue, ulcers, and abnormal growths. The procedure is used to look for early signs of colorectal cancer and can help doctors diagnose unexplained changes in bowel habits, abdominal pain, bleeding from the anus, and weight loss. Colon and Rectum…

The Colon The colon (the large bowel or large intestine is the tube-like part of your digestive tract that stores stool and pushes it out from your body. It is five to six feet long. Food you have eaten arrives at the colon after passing through the stomach and small intestine. Fluids and nutrients are…

Endoscopic surgery uses scopes going through small incisions or natural body openings in order to diagnose and treat disease. Another popular term is minimally invasive surgery (MIS), which emphasizes that diagnosis and treatments can be done with reduced body cavity invasion. Upper GI endoscopy is a procedure that uses a lighted, flexible endoscope to see…

Gastroesophageal reflux disease can be managed both medically and surgically. If medical management has not been effective, your doctor may recommend surgery to prevent stomach contents from washing up into your esophagus. This surgery is called a fundoplication. A fundoplication makes a new valve in the area where the stomach connects to the esophagus and…